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With the aging of population, the elderly (≥65 years old) cancer patients have become one of the main populations for cancer care. For inoperable locally advanced head and neck squamous carcinomas, cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the first-line choice. Several large clinical studies have shown that patients under 70 years of age can still benefit from concurrent chemoradiotherapy, while it should be cautious to apply chemotherapy to patients aged 70-80 years. For elderly patients who are intolerant to cisplatin, carboplatin or other regimens with less gastrointestinal and renal toxicity should be considered. Although anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies combined with radiotherapy has been proved to be more effective than radiotherapy alone in total patient population, age-subgroup analysis showed limited benefit in elderly patients. The safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in elderly patients has been validated and those with high programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression may benefit from concurrent or neoadjuvant immunotherapy, however, high-level evidence is still lacking. For patients older than 80 years, radiotherapy alone may be superior to concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and hypofractionated radiotherapy for palliative purposes can be safely used in this population.
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Radiotherapy is an essential part of comprehensive treatment, as well as a radical treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC). The COVID-19 has continued so far, imposing a great impact on cancer care. Since conventional fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT, 2 Gy/F) requires as long as more than six weeks of treatment time, a huge challenge for epidemic control is created for both hospitals and patients. Hypofractionated radiotherapy (Hypo-RT) may be more suitable than CFRT for patients during pandemic by increasing the fraction size, thus reducing fraction number and treatment duration. Early studies have explored the application of Hypo-RT in HNC in palliative setting, which partially proved its safety and effectiveness. Recently, the efforts have been made in definitive treatment using hypofractionated regimen, as well as its combination with systemic treatment and immunotherapy. Indeed, regarding the pandemic of COVID-19, Hypo-RT has been recommended by several expert consensus in the HNC. In this review, relevant research progress was summarized and clinical implication of Hypo-RT in COVID-19 pandemic era was discussed.
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In order to fulfill the new requirement of educational and teaching reform in the new era, the Teaching and Research Section of Parasitology in Guangxi Medical University have constructed online courses of Parasites Invasion— Human Parasitology on the platform of Xueyin Online, providing resources in professional learning and general education. In the construction concept, we recombine teaching content to give consideration to both scientificity and interest. In terms of the curriculum content, the curriculum includes micro lecture, PPT, in-lass quiz, case analysis and other diversified teaching resources. In the curriculum management, teachers interact with students in real time with the help of various functions of the platform to fully play the role of supervision. In the assessment, teachers pay attention to students' learning process and carry out comprehensive evaluation. Since the online course was put into operation, good teaching effects has been achieved.
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Purpose@#The present study investigated the association between Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE)-estimated cardiovascular risk and carotid stiffening in a middle-aged population using ultrafast pulse wave velocity (ufPWV). @*Methods@#This study enrolled 683 participants without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus who underwent ufPWV measurements. Clinical interviews, physical examinations, laboratory findings, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV) at the beginning of systole (PWV-BS), and PWV at the end of systole (PWV-ES) were assessed. Each participant underwent an assessment of SCORE risk based on major cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), including age, sex, smoking, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and total cholesterol (TC). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals and ordinal logistic regression were used. Overall CVRFs were adjusted to assess ORs. @*Results@#cIMT and carotid stiffening in PWV-BS and PWV-ES were significantly different between sex subgroups (all P0.05). @*Conclusion@#Carotid stiffening quantified by ufPWV is linked to SCORE categories, and elevated PWV-ES may aid in cardiovascular risk stratification.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the major chronic non-communicable diseases in the 21st century. With high prevalence and mortality, COPD has become a global problem. Due to high prevalence of COPD in China, it is necessary to prevent and control COPD effectively. There is increasing evidence that COPD is a complex systemic disease with numerous risk factors. This paper summarizes the risk factors of COPD based on the latest research, and provides scientific references for the prevention and control of COPD.
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Objective:To explore the relationship between dental fluorosis and serum chemical elements in children after water modification.Methods:Using the method of stratified sampling, according to the monitoring data of the Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the past 20 years, the drinking-water-borne fluorosis areas in Xi'an City were changed according to the water-improvement period of 1-, 5-, 10- and ≥15 years, and 2 villages in each layer were selected as the survey sites. Each survey site selected school-age children aged 7 to 13 years old as the survey subjects to detect the prevalence of dental fluorosis; and blood samples were collected to detect 14 chemical elements contents in the serum [calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iodine (I), selenium (Se), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), fluorine (F), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni)]. The differences of chemical element contents in children with different water improvement years and different dental fluorosis conditions were analyzed.Results:The prevalence of dental fluorosis of children were 51.40% (55/107), 16.92% (11/65), 16.67% (17/102) and 5.08% (6/118) in the villages with different water improvement period, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 74.444, P < 0.05). Serum levels of Ca, Fe, Mg, Cu, Zn, I, Se, Pb, As, Cr, F and Ni in children of different water improvement period were compared, the difference were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Levels of Fe, Zn and Ni in dental fluorosis patients were lower than those in normal children ( P < 0.05), and the serum fluoride level was higher than that of normal children ( P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the contents of other chemical elements levels between children with dental fluorosis and normal children ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children in ward villages whose water has been improved for more than 15 years is the lowest, and the detection rate of children with dental fluorosis can be reduced by improving water to reduce fluoride. Children in the drinking-water-borne fluorosis areas are deficient in some trace element.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of different water-improving methods on dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 in drinking-water-borne fluorosis areas in Xi'an City, and provide basis for making fine prevention and control measures.Methods:In 2018, 50 drinking-water-borne fluorosis villages in Xi'an City with water improvement time from 2011 to 2013 were selected as survey sites. The condition and the way of water improvement were surveyed, water fluoride content was determined and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 was examined, and the rates of dental fluorosis were compared before and after the water improvement in the 50 villages.Results:The water-improving projects were in normal operation in 50 villages. The medians of water fluoride content were 0.31, 0.88 and 1.14 mg/L in villages with municipal water supply, low fluorine well and defluoridation treatment water supply (the villages of different water-improvement methods were 12, 24 and 14, respectively), the differences were statistically significant ( H = 75.54, P < 0.01). The qualification rates of water fluoride in villages with different water-improvement methods were 100.00% (12/12), 79.17% (19/24) and 57.14% (8/14), and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 6.95, P < 0.05). The detection rate of dental fluorosis was 43.17% (218/505) in the 11 villages with excessive water fluoride content, and the detection rate was 20.77% (331/1 594) in the 39 villages with qualified water fluoride content, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 99.66, P < 0.01). After water improvement, the total detection rate of dental fluorosis (26.16%, 549/2 099) in the 50 villages was lower than that before water improvement (41.66%, 959/2 302), the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 117.17, P < 0.01). The detection rates of dental fluorosis were reduced after the water improvement in villages with municipal water supply and low fluorine well, the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 74.37, 69.36, P < 0.01). The detection rate was declined after water improvement in villages with defluoridation treatment water supply, but the difference was not significant (χ 2 = 0.78, P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of dental fluorosis among children in villages with different water-improvement methods (χ 2 = 72.79, P < 0.01). The detection rate of dental fluorosis in villages with defluoridation treatment water supply [39.53% (200/506)] was higher than that in villages with municipal water supply [17.97% (133/740)] and low fluorine well [25.32% (216/853)], the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.017); the detection rate of dental fluorosis in villages with municipal water supply was lower than that in villages with low fluorine well ( P < 0.017). Conclusions:The dental fluorosis of children's has been effectively controlled in the villages after water improvement in Xi'an City. The fluoride content in the water and the detection rate of dental fluorosis in children in some endemic areas are still high. It is necessary to further improve the water quality or consolidate the improvement effect as soon as possible.
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Objective:To analyze the thyroid health status of residents in different water iodine areas in Xi'an City and understand the iodine nutritional level of the population.Methods:Using the stratified cluster sampling method, the towns in Xi'an City were divided into 3 levels of < 10, 10-100, and > 100 μg/L according to the median of water iodine of 2017. One street (township) was selected from each level, two communities (natural villages) were selected from each street (township), and 100 households were selected from each community (natural village) to carry out the survey. One drinking water sample was collected from each household for determination of water iodine content. Residents over 18 years old were selected as the subjects of the survey, and their urine iodine content test and thyroid B-ultrasound examination were carried out.Results:A total of 343, 227, 226 water samples were collected in 3 regions with water iodine content, and the median water iodine was 4.14, 38.95, 124.15 μg/L, respectively. A total of 1 308 people were investigated. The detection rate of abnormal thyroid morphology was 9.86% (129/1 308), the detection rate of abnormal echo was 10.86% (142/1 308), and the detection rate of thyroid space-occupancy was 33.94% (444/1 308). The detection rate of nodules was 26.22% (343/1 308). The detection rates of thyroid abnormal echo, space-occupying, and nodules in women were higher than those in men[11.75% (120/1 021) vs 7.67%(22/287), 35.85% (366/1 021) vs 27.18% (78/287), 27.82% (284/1 021) vs 20.56% (59/287), χ 2=3.868, 7.509, 6.101, P < 0.05]. The differences of detection rates of thyroid abnormal echo, space-occupying, and nodules were statistically significant in different age groups (χ 2=11.223, 68.032, 64.543, P < 0.05); the detection rate of thyroid abnormal echo was different in different water iodine areas (χ 2=6.297, P < 0.05). The detection rate of multiple thyroid nodules in women was higher than that in men [11.75% (120/1 021) vs 7.32% (21/287), χ 2=4.584, P < 0.05]; the detection rates of single nodules, multiple nodules, nodule diameter ≤1 cm and nodule diameter > 1 cm were different in different age groups (χ 2=26.010, 31.807, 22.859, 10.392, P < 0.05); the detection rate of thyroid nodule diameter > 1 cm in water iodine < 10 μg/L area was higher than that in water iodine 10-100 and > 100 μg/L areas ( P < 0.05). A total of 755 urine samples were collected, and the median urine iodine was 217.00 μg/L, there were satistically signficant differences in urine iodine levels among residents in different water iodine areas( H=93.806, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The detection rate of thyroid diseases in Xi'an City is relatively high, and the adult iodine nutrition is at a super-suitable level. The detection rate of thyroid nodules increases with age, women are higher than men, so follow-up and early diagnosis and treatment should be strengthened.
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Objective:To assess the implementation of control measures and dental fluorosis of children in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Xi'an City, and to evaluate the implementation effects of the prevention and control measures.Methods:All drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis villages in Xi'an were selected as the investigation sites. The progress and running condition of all water-improved projects were investigated, fluoride concentration in all the water-improved projects and tap water were tested. "Standard Test Method for Drinking Water" (GB/T 5750.5-2006) was used to test the water fluoride. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on school children aged 8 - 12 years old, the dental fluorosis was determined according to "Diagnosis of Dental Fluorosis" (WS/T 208-2011).Results:There were 273 drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis villages, the rate of water improved villages was 91.58% (250/273), and all of the water-improved projects were operating normally (100.00%, 196/196). The rate of water-improved projects with qualified water fluoride was 88.27% (173/196), 237 villages had fluoride safe drinking water and the qualified rate was 86.81% (237/273). The median of water fluoride in the 250 villages with water-improved projects was 0.78 mg/L, the median was 0.83 mg/L in the 23 villages without water-improved projects, and the difference was not significant ( Z = 1.475, P > 0.05) . The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 - 12 years old was 19.86% (1 960/9 871), and the dental fluorosis index was 0.39. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the villages with qualified water fluoride was 16.13% (1 377/8 539), and the rate was 43.77% (583/1 332) in the villages with unqualified water fluoride, and the difference was significant (χ 2 = 553.283, P < 0.01). The prevalence of dental fluorosis in children with water fluoride content of 0.00 - 1.20, 1.21 - 1.50, and ≥1.51 mg/L was 16.13% (1 377/8 539), 41.20% (281/682), 46.46% (302/650), and the difference was significant (χ 2 = 559.011, P < 0.01), the severity of the disease was positively correlated with water fluorine concentration ( r = 0.273, P < 0.01). The epidemic situation in 202 villages was effectively controlled and 71 villages did not reach the control standard. Conclusions:The progress of water-improved projects and the rate of qualified water fluoride are not optimistic in Xi'an, the dental fluorosis of children is still higher than the government standard in the high fluoride drinking-water areas. The measures for water improving defluorination and disease surveillance should be strengthened.
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Objective To assess the effects of defluoridation on prevalence of children's dental fluorosis in Xi'an City and study related influencing factors.Methods In 2017,the survey results of 2013 were collected from the previous investigation of drinking water type fluorosis in Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and villages from drinking water type fluorosis areas were divided into five groups:0.0-,0.2-,0.5-,1.0-,and ≥ 1.5 mg/L,according to the fluoride concentrations of water.Four villages were randomly selected from each group,a total of 20 villages were selected as the investigation sites.A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the 20 villages,the fluoride in drinking water,the dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 years and fluoride content in urine were detected,and the survey results were compared with those of 2013.Children were divided into five groups according to urinary fluoride contents as:0.0-(control),0.4-,0.8-,1.2-,and ≥ 1.6 mg/L,and the logistic regression model was used to evaluate the risk of dental fluorosis.Results There were no significant differences in water fluoride content between 2013 and 2017 (P ＞ 0.05).The rates of dental fluorosis among the study population in 2013 and 2017 were 25.35％ (200/789) and 20.58％ (164/797),and the difference was significant (x2 =5.11,P＜0.05).The prevalence rate and severity of dental fluorosis in 2013 [3.52％ (9/256),13.28％ (17/128),31.62％ (43/136),37.82％(45/119),57.33％(86/150)] and 2017[4.02％(10/249),11.82％(13/110),18.05％(24/133),29.13％(37/127),44.94％ (80/178)] were significantly increased with increase of water fluoride concentration (x2 =168.02,117.83,P ＜ 0.01).The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis was higher than 30％ in the three groups with water fluoride content 0.5-,1.0-and ≥ 1.5 mg/L in 2013,and the prevalence rates were decreased in these groups in 2017.The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis was lower than 30％ in the groups with water-fluorine content of 0.5-,1.0-＜1.5 mg/L,while the rate of dental fluorosis in the group with water-fluorine content of higher than 1.5 mg/L was still over 40％.The geometric mean of urinary fluoride of children in 2013 and 2017 were 1.02,0.67 rg/L,and the difference was significant (t =10.24,P ＜ 0.01).There were significant differences in children urinary fluoride between water fluoride groups in 2013 and 2017 (F =85.36,151.14,P ＜ 0.01).The risk of dental fluorosis increased with increase of urinary fluoride content,the odds ratio (OR) values were 5.26,7.83 and 13.28 in the three groups with the urinary fluoride 0.8-,1.2-,≥1.6 mg/L in 2013;the OR values in 2017 were 5.18,7.65 and 13.36,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The situation of water fluoride and dental fluorosis are not optimistic after defluoridation of drinking water.It is necessary to reinforce the measures of water defluoridation,and carry out classified management in endemic fluorosis areas.
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Objective To find out the iodine nutrition and thyroid function of adults in rural and urban areas of Xi'an City, and to analyze the relationship between iodine intake and thyroid function. Methods Two streets ( townships ) were selected in urban and rural areas of Xi'an City according to multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, one community (administrative village) was selected in each street (township), and 100 residents were selected from each community (administrative village). Drinking water, household salt, urine and blood samples of people over the age of 16 were collected to test water iodine, salt iodine, urinary iodine and thyroid function. Results A total of 354 drinking water samples were examined, and the median of water iodine was 4.50 μg/L in Xi'an, and iodine concentrations of ≥10 μg/L in urban group was higher than that of rural group [ 48 . 21％ ( 94/195 ) vs 20.13％ (32/159), χ2= 30.123, P < 0.05]. The highest value of urban water iodine was 244.10 μg/L. A total of 354 edible salt samples were examined, and the median of salt iodine was 19.62 mg/kg in urban and rural areas of Xi'an. The edible rate of qualified iodized salt in urban group was higher than rural group [78.97％(154/195) vs 69.18％(110/159),χ2=12.523,P<0.05]. The median of urinary iodine of urban and rural groups were 236.00 and 196.00μg/L, respectively, and urban group was higher than rural group (Z = - 3.121, P < 0.05). The frequency distribution of urinary iodine in urban group was different from rural group (χ2=24.440,P<0.05). The mean value of thyroxine (T4) in urban group was lower than that of rural group,and there was statistical difference [nmol/L:(89.43 ± 19.70) vs (93.57 ± 16.89), t = - 2.098,P < 0.05]. The positive rates of anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) of urban and rural groups were 21.54％(42/195) and 13.21％(21/159), the positive rate of TgAb was higher in urban than in rural (χ2=4.155, P < 0.05). The positive rates of thyroid peroxidases antibody (TPOAb) were 13.33％ (26/195) and 6.92％(11/159), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences of thyroid dysfunction in urban and rural groups [14.87％(29/195) vs 12.58％(20/159), P > 0.05]. Subclinical hypothyroidism in all thyroid dysfunction was the main thyroid disorder, which was 7.18％(14/195) and 6.92％ (11/159) in urban and rural groups. Conclusions Xi'an urban healthy adult iodine intake is at an ultra-appropriate level. In rural areas, the intake of iodine in healthy adults is at an appropriate level. The areas of high water iodine are found in Xi'an for the first time. Increased iodine intake may promote the occurrence of subclinical hypothyroidism.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between coronary lesions with serum cystatin C (Cys C)and vascular endothelial function(RHI)in the patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods A total of 318 patients receiving coronary angiography(CAG)were selected as the research subjects and divided into the control group(65 cases)and CHD group;then the CHD group was divided into the single-vessel lesion group(77cases),double-vessel lesions group(70c ases),multiple-vessel lesions group(106 cases)according to CAG and the number of disease vessels;the CHD group was re-divided into the low score group(67 cases),middle score group(107 cases)and high score group(79 cases)according to the Gensini score of coronary artery lesions.The vascular endothelial function was evaluated by using peripheral arterial tension (PAT)measurement technique.The reactive hypere-mia index(RHI)was calculated;serum Cys C level was determined by immunoturbidimetry.Results The serum Cys C level was in-creased and RHI level was reduced as the number of lesion vessels increasing,the inter-group comparison showed the statistical difference (P 0.05);the serum Cys C level was increased as the Gensini score increasing,the difference between the groups had statistical significance (P <0.05);the vascular RHI value was reduced as the coronary Gensini score increasing(P <0.05);moreover the Cys C level was positively correlated with the Gensini score (r=0.375,P <0.01);RHI was negatively correlated with corornary Gensi-ni score (r=-0.587,P <0.01 );the serum Cys C was negatively correlated with RHI(r =-0.350,P <0.01 ).Conclusion The vascular endothelial dysfunction and serum Cysc C level increase are associated with coronary lesions in CAD patients,moreover Cys C is negatively correlated with vascular RHI,serum Cys increase may be a predictive index for vascular endothelial function damage in CHD patients.
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Objective To investigate the effect of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-derived chemokine ligands 7 (CCL7) on the proliferation and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Methods The mRNA expression level and protein level of CCL7 in CAFs and paracancerous fibroblasts were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot respectively. To confirm the paracrine level of CCL7 in CAFs and paracancerous fibroblasts, the protein levels of CCL7 in the corresponding conditional medium were detected through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of CCL7 on the proliferation and invasion of MDA-MB-231 (TNBC cell line) was investigated by MTS assay and Transwell assay, respectively. Results In comparison with paracancerous fibroblasts, the mRNA expression level and protein level of CCL7 in CAFs were significantly increased (both P<0.01). There was an obviously increase of paracrine level of CCL7 in CAFs-conditional medium (P<0.01). The MTS assay and Transwell assay results indicated that CCL7 was more able to promote the proliferation and invasion of MDA-MB-231. Conclusion CAFs in the TNBC stroma can produce more chemokine CCL7, and CCL7 can promote the proliferation and invasion of TNBC cells
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Objective To explore the value of applying flipped classroom in human parasitology. Methods Totally 430 students of 5-year program were divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental class received human parasitology teaching through flipped classroom teaching mode, while the control class received traditional teaching. The effect of teaching was evaluated by questionnaire and examination. The data were analyzed through t-test. Result Meanwhile, statistical difference was found in aver age score of total between experiment group and control group [(68.2 ±8.6) vs. (66.6 ±11.0), P=0.032]. There was also statistical difference in average score of comprehensive analysis [(16.4±3.2) vs. (16.1 ±3.9), P=0.038]. Questionnaire survey of satisfaction showed that 191 students of experimental class (90.95%) felt new teaching mode could improve autonomous learning ability, 199 students (94.76%) in-creased interest in learning;185 students (88.10%) had more interactive with teachers, 178 students (84.76%) enhanced cooperation between st udents, 186 students (88.57%) approved of small group discussion learning and 165 students (78.57%) had no extra burden. Conclusion Flipped classroom teaching mode can improve students' autonomous learning ability and cultivate their abilities of independent thinking, cooperation, criti-cism, innovation, analyzing and solving problems. Thus this new teaching mode is worthy of reference and popularization.
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Objective To study the stability of alkaline and degraded products of curcumin by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and HPLC-mass spectrometry (MS) for the optimization of alkaline-dissolved process parameters of the Jianghuang Qingzhi Tablets and for the quality control of the tablets.Methods HPLC was performed for the determination of the alkaline-dissolved stability of curcumin with acetonitrile-acetic acid at volume coefficient of 4％ (48 ∶ 52) as mobile phase,the detection wavelength being 430 nm.The alkalinedegraded products were tested by HPLC-MS assembling with electron spray ionization (ESI) and quadrupole timeof-flight (Q-TOF) in the scan range of 100-2 000 m/z.Results The degradation of curcumin in the alkaline solution was increased with the temperature.When the temperature was below 20 ℃,the degradation slowed down,while when the temperature reached to 80 ℃,curcumin was degraded completely within 2 h.The probable degradation products in the alkaline solution were p-hydroxy benzaldehyde,vanillin,p-coumaric acid,ferulic acid,et al.Conclusion Curcmin compounds are instable in aqueous alkali.To obtain the high-quality of Jianghuang Qingzhi Tablets with high content of curcumin and less degraded products,the alkaline-solution temperature should be controlled below 20 ℃.
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Objective To understand the current situation of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD),iodine nutritional status and implementation situation of the prevention and control measures before and after the adjustment of edible salt iodine level in Xi'an City,and to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of IDD.Methods In 2011,seven counties (areas) of Xi'an City were selected,including Lintong,Weiyang,Chang'an,Lantian,Gaoling,Zhouzhi and Huxian,and five subareas were selected according to the five directions as east,west,south,north and centre in each county (area),one township was selected in the centre subarea and two townships were selected in other subareas,four villages were selected in every township,edible salt samples of eight households were selected in every village to detect salt iodine.Six areas of Xi'an City were selected,including Yanta,Beilin,Yanliang,Lianhu,Xincheng and Baqiao,one township was selected according to the five directions as east,west,south,north and centre in each county,four villages were selected in every township,edible salt samples of 15 households were selected in every village to detect salt iodine.One school was respectively selected according to the five directions as east,west,south,north and centre in 13 counties,42 children aged 8-10 were selected in every school to detect goiter.Two schools were selected in Beilin,Lianhu and Xincheng,respectively,30 children aged 8-10 were selected in every school to detect urine iodine.The remaining 10 counties were respectively divided according to the five directions as east,west,south,north and centre,two schools were selected in the centre subarea,30 children aged 8-10 were selected in every school to test urine iodine,one school was selected in other subareas,15 children aged 8-10 were selected in every school to detect urine iodine.In 2015,13 counties were selected,one township was selected according to the five directions as east,west,south,north and centre in each county,four villages were selected in every township,and edible salt samples of 15 households were selected in every village to detect salt iodine.One school was selected in every township,42 children aged 8-10 were selected in every school to detect goiter.Meanwhile,40 children aged 8-10 were selected in every school to detect urine iodine.Results The median of salt iodine was 33.70 mg/kg in 2011,which was higher than that in 2015 (24.96 mg/kg),the difference was statistically significant (Z =31.059,P ＜ 0.05).In 2012 and 2015,the coverage rates of iodized salt were 99.79％ (3 808/3 816) and 99.90％ (3 896/3 900),consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were 99.32％ (3 791/3 816) and 97.64％ (3 808/3 900).The rate of weighted goiter in 2011 was 2.76％,which was higher than that in 2015 (1.17％),the difference was statistically significant (X2 =15.11,P ＜ 0.01).The median of urinary iodine was 292.5 μg/L in 2011,which was higher than that in 2015 (259.0 μg/L),the difference was statistically significant (Z =2.862,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The population iodine nutritional status is more than sufficient in Xi'an City after adjustment of edible salt iodine level,there is still a space for lowering the iodine level in edible salt.
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Objective To evaluate satisfaction and complications of deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps breast reconstruction afer mastectomy in breast cancer patients.Methods The 26 consecutive breast cancer patients who underwent DIEP flap breast reconstruction were collected.General patient satisfaction and esthetic satisfaction with DIEP flap breast reconstruction were accessed using a study-specific questionnaire modified from the Michigan Breast Reconstruction Outcome Study.Results Flap success rate was 100％.The general satisfaction of DIEP breast reconstruction was 61.9％ (13/21),and the esthetic satisfaction was 66.7％ (14/21).Age (≤40 years old was 81.8％ [9/11],＞40 years old was 40.0％ [4/10],P=0.049) and previous abdominal wall surgery (no previous abdominal wall surgery was 75.0％ [12/16] and previous abdominal wall surgery was 20.0％ [1/5],P=0.027) were significant negative factors affecting general satisfaction;Body mass index (BMI ＜25 kg/m2 was 76.5％ [11/17],BMI 25-30 kg/m2 was 50.0％ [2/4],P=0.049) was a statistically significant factor associated with esthetic satisfaction.Four flaps presented venous congestion.One patient had fat necrosis and one had flap infection of the reconstructed breast.One patient had a decrease in abdominal rotational strength.Conclusions DIEP flap breast reconstruction will offer distinct advantages to patients,in terms of decreased donor-site morbidity and shorter recovery periods.
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Objective To investigate the effect of quetiapine (QUE) on the memory and doublecortin (DCX) expression in the hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice with cuprizone (CPZ)-induced schizophrenia in C57BL/ 6 mice.Methods 1％ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a vehicle to dissolve QUE.Three group of mice,16 in each of three groups,were treated with vehicle (control group),0.2％ CPZ alone (CPZ group) or 0.2％ CPZ combined with 10 mg· kg-1 · d-1 QUE (QUE+CPZ group) for six weeks,respectively.Spatial working memory was evaluated by Y-type maze test 24 hours after the completion of the treatment period.The number of DCX positivenew neurons was calculated by immunofluorescence staining assay.The expression of Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay.Results (1) Y-maze test:CPZ group achieved a much lower percentage of correct alternation than control group ((22.70±6.70) ％ vs (57.69 ±6.70)％) in Y-maze test (P＜0.05).The percentage of correct alternation in CPZ + QUE group ((54.69± 10.06) ％) was significantly increased compared with CPZ group (P＜0.01).CPZ mice exhibited significant spatial working memory impairment.(2) Immunofluorescence staining:the number of DCX-positive cells in the hippocampus of the CPZ group (6342.85± 1801.72) was significantly decreased compared with that in control group (19428.57±2507.13) (P＜0.01),and it was reversed by QUE intervention (15928.57±2049.97).(3) RT-PCR:the Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA expression in CPZ group were significant lower than that in sham and CPZ + QUE group,(Notch1 (0.97±0.29) vs (0.23±0.20),P＜0.01);Hes1 (1.00±0.41) vs (0.38±0.30),P＜0.01),and there was no significant difference between sham group and CPZ + QUE group.Conclusion QUE is helpful to relieve CPZ-induced cognitive impairment and decreases expression of DCX in hippocampal,which may be related with activation of Notch1 pathway.
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Objective To investigate the expression of Iroquois homeobox protein 1 ( IRX1 ) gene and the hypermethylation status of its promoter in pancreatic cancer,and their relationship.Methods Real-time PCR was used to quantitatively detect IRX1 gene expression level of 12 sets of resected pancreatic cancer tissue and 6 sets of pancreatic cancer cell lines; gene sequences analysis was used to detect the structure of IRX1 promoter; DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) was used in pancreatic cancer cell lines,and then the methylation of IRX 1 was measured by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and unmethylation sequence-PCR (USP) methods.Results Expression of IRX1 mRNA in pancreatic cancer tissue was 0.31 ± 0.11,which were significantly lower than that in normal pancreatic tissue ( 1.05 ±0.32,P ＜0.01 ).IRX1 mRNA expression of AsPCl,BxPC3,Capan 2,PANCl,PaTu8988 and SW1990 were 0.36 ± 0.08,0.34 ±0.16,0.37 ±0.11,0.25 ±0.06,0.31 ±0.04,0.36 ±0.02,which were significantly lower than that in human kidney epithelial 293 cells ( 1.03 ± 0.28,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ).Analysis of IRX1 gene sequence showed abundant CpG islands in promoter.Hypermethylation of IRX1 promoter site was found in all pancreatic cancer cell lines.However,its methylation status could be reversed by 5-Aza-dC,and the IRX1 expression was also restored.Conclusions IRX1 mRNA expression is down-regulated in pancreatic cancer,and it is related with promoter CpG islands hypermethylation.